All my work has been handed in and I am very glad I had this course. I have some new tools to play with and use, along with some new outlooks on collaboration.
Awesome class see you in the Fall!
Friday, August 2, 2013
Thursday, August 1, 2013
Final response
Reflect on what you have learned in the class and how you will use it professionally as both a lifelong learner and an instructional systems professional (or whatever field you’re in).
I thought that Web 2.0 was just a bunch of tools before this class. I always wondered why anyone would care to post their on mundane nonsense all over the web. I have musician friends who post practice session, and teacher friends who keep blogs. I think that I may have underestimated the value and the role of what can come of these acts. I am actually quite impressed by the way knowledge can be shared, and how many people are interested and interesting on many forums. It is the interactivity and the end results that make it something I will use this year and beyond. Often times in formal learning we are so focused on the test that we do not delve into personal interests and going beyond what is required. Web 2.0 interactions and tools make creativity and going beyond fun, interesting and useful. I plan on experimenting with my high school students to see how these tools work from a practical facilitator point of view, and am sure they will be a large part of my future IS work. It is not just a collection of tools, it is a philosophy and could be a large evolutionary step to the way we share, create and manage information in our world.
Technology (web 2.0) in education
Here is a little article from the New York Times regarding the use of technology in the classroom.
It is weird that they miss the whole point of Web 2.0. They first of all classify the kids off like farm animals as the statisticians like to do white, black, poor and not so poor. They also talk in cursory about Math drills and how students can use technology in a perfunctory.
It miss the whole collaborative aspects, the exploration of one's own interests to enhance learning and the potentially meaningful integration of such tools into curriculum. It is not a cut and dry tool, it is an environment and an educational experience.
Interesting NYT, but think ya missed the point ;)
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/14/education/study-gauges-value-of-technology-in-schools.html?_r=0
It is weird that they miss the whole point of Web 2.0. They first of all classify the kids off like farm animals as the statisticians like to do white, black, poor and not so poor. They also talk in cursory about Math drills and how students can use technology in a perfunctory.
It miss the whole collaborative aspects, the exploration of one's own interests to enhance learning and the potentially meaningful integration of such tools into curriculum. It is not a cut and dry tool, it is an environment and an educational experience.
Interesting NYT, but think ya missed the point ;)
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/14/education/study-gauges-value-of-technology-in-schools.html?_r=0
Wednesday, July 31, 2013
Tweet away the sadness
I was listening to what? NPR as usual, because that is my favorite thing in the car or at a desk to mildly distract my from what I'm supposed to be doing. If they had stock I would buy some, instead I just give them my credit card number to keep my conscience clean.
Anyway there was an interesting story about how a journalist whose mother was dying, he's an NPR regular on the network. He tweeted in real time about the experience of being by her side, basically waiting for her to pass.
I know I text as a nervous twitch when real life is a bit uncomfortable, know I text my boyfriend and sister a lot more when I am under stress or in a stressful situation. "At a job interview. Argh hate waiting." "Boss just yelled at me OMG" Those texts are private however, well I hope they are ;) because I've been hearing a good deal about the gvt monitoring our phones lol
In any event I was thinking how twitter or a blog can feel cathartic like writing a journal. You don't see the people who are, you don't ever have to look them in the eye. They do however leave comments which is kind of like your journal answering back to you, but its not because they are real people. I knew an undergrad a few years ago who posted a play by play or an affair she had with a married man. She was offended that his wife found the blog, and claimed it was an intrusion of her privacy for the wife to read it. There were assumed nicknames, but it was a public blog for all to see. It is not a journal and it is NOT private. Are some people confused about that?
I just wonder about the role of privacy and how our views of it are changing the more our every thought can be published. It would not seem strange to read about that man's dying mother in a memoir, but somehow the play by play on Twitter feels intrusive to me. It seems to have helped him cope with a sad event, I don't mean to be judgmental, there is nothing necessarily wrong with it. Its just that I wonder where the personal line is and how t is being redefined by these tools?
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/30/206987575/Scott-Simon-On-Sharing-His-Mothers-Final-Moments-On-Twitter
Anyway there was an interesting story about how a journalist whose mother was dying, he's an NPR regular on the network. He tweeted in real time about the experience of being by her side, basically waiting for her to pass.
I know I text as a nervous twitch when real life is a bit uncomfortable, know I text my boyfriend and sister a lot more when I am under stress or in a stressful situation. "At a job interview. Argh hate waiting." "Boss just yelled at me OMG" Those texts are private however, well I hope they are ;) because I've been hearing a good deal about the gvt monitoring our phones lol
In any event I was thinking how twitter or a blog can feel cathartic like writing a journal. You don't see the people who are, you don't ever have to look them in the eye. They do however leave comments which is kind of like your journal answering back to you, but its not because they are real people. I knew an undergrad a few years ago who posted a play by play or an affair she had with a married man. She was offended that his wife found the blog, and claimed it was an intrusion of her privacy for the wife to read it. There were assumed nicknames, but it was a public blog for all to see. It is not a journal and it is NOT private. Are some people confused about that?
I just wonder about the role of privacy and how our views of it are changing the more our every thought can be published. It would not seem strange to read about that man's dying mother in a memoir, but somehow the play by play on Twitter feels intrusive to me. It seems to have helped him cope with a sad event, I don't mean to be judgmental, there is nothing necessarily wrong with it. Its just that I wonder where the personal line is and how t is being redefined by these tools?
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/30/206987575/Scott-Simon-On-Sharing-His-Mothers-Final-Moments-On-Twitter
Personal is personal
http://www.today.com/news/tv-reporter-fired-over-blog-didnt-think-it-would-come-6C10791942
Here is a story about a woman who was fired from her reporting job over her personal blog. I really think there will be more clearly deined laws about this in the future. It is freedom of speech to have an opinion and be ahuman outside of one's job. Unless you are saying something a la Paula Deen about longing for the good old slave days, people should just be allowed to be themselves.
It is an odd intersection of the personal and private on the web. If half the silly jokes I make with my friends were published I am sure no one would hire me ;)
FYI this is why my real FB and other personal web personas have my puppy as my profile pic and an assumed name! lol
Here is a story about a woman who was fired from her reporting job over her personal blog. I really think there will be more clearly deined laws about this in the future. It is freedom of speech to have an opinion and be ahuman outside of one's job. Unless you are saying something a la Paula Deen about longing for the good old slave days, people should just be allowed to be themselves.
It is an odd intersection of the personal and private on the web. If half the silly jokes I make with my friends were published I am sure no one would hire me ;)
FYI this is why my real FB and other personal web personas have my puppy as my profile pic and an assumed name! lol
Saturday, July 27, 2013
Discount Degree
Here is the link to a segment I saw on the news.
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50151769n
It talks about the fact that Georgia Tech is offering an online Master Degree in Computer Science for only $7,000. Wow and its about time. This service and this price point could open up the opportunity advanced degrees to a huge new audience.
Affordability of higher education is a huge issue for many people in our country (undergrad and grad) As a teacher I know that I had to wait for years to get tuition reimbursement and at one class at a time I would be 40 before I got my Masters, if it were not for loans.
Older teachers tell me how cheap their Masters (and undergrad) was years ago and that it almost is not worth it from a financial standpoint today. Though I think it is absolutely necessary from a pedagogical point of view.
I think that more education is necessary for many of us in a changing world, we need to keep up and if we are going to well in our professions advanced degrees are often a necessity.
Yeah Georia tech and I hope others will follow suit- good schools that are not in it for the profit ;)
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50151769n
It talks about the fact that Georgia Tech is offering an online Master Degree in Computer Science for only $7,000. Wow and its about time. This service and this price point could open up the opportunity advanced degrees to a huge new audience.
Affordability of higher education is a huge issue for many people in our country (undergrad and grad) As a teacher I know that I had to wait for years to get tuition reimbursement and at one class at a time I would be 40 before I got my Masters, if it were not for loans.
Older teachers tell me how cheap their Masters (and undergrad) was years ago and that it almost is not worth it from a financial standpoint today. Though I think it is absolutely necessary from a pedagogical point of view.
I think that more education is necessary for many of us in a changing world, we need to keep up and if we are going to well in our professions advanced degrees are often a necessity.
Yeah Georia tech and I hope others will follow suit- good schools that are not in it for the profit ;)
Friday, July 26, 2013
Graphics overload?
Normally I avoid websites, web tools with over bearing graphics and what seems like too much info.
If it was not for homework purposes I never would have checked out this mash up madness, crazy feeds.
However, after a few days of exploration, I am finding they are not as offensive as I formerly believed. The brain adjusts and I am finding lots of actually useful and interesting info out there :) I think learnist may become part of my regular lesson planning brainstorming process for the year.
Surprised!
If it was not for homework purposes I never would have checked out this mash up madness, crazy feeds.
However, after a few days of exploration, I am finding they are not as offensive as I formerly believed. The brain adjusts and I am finding lots of actually useful and interesting info out there :) I think learnist may become part of my regular lesson planning brainstorming process for the year.
Surprised!
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Response to post
How do you judge the value of expertise on the Web? Does it differ from your notion of expertise in face-to-face settings? Why or why not?
On the Web the judgement of expertise is often a bit more effort than in a face to face setting. The tools and cues I use to judge are different, but the judgements are based on the same criteria.
In an online community we do not have the social cues that often tell us subconsciously how educated or intelligent a person is. Whether we admit it or not a person's clothes, accent, the way they carry themselves, physical gestures and a variety of other little things help us create an opinion of whether we can trust them, as people or as sources of information. In one sense it is liberating to not have the potential prejudices and judgements. But these cues have to be replaced by something to tell us if they are trustworthy.
One thing I do is google the source to see who they are, what their education was and if they are an accepted member of the community of knowledge. If someone is a professor at Colombia or has run a business in the subject area for years, then it is safe to say they are trustworthy. I will also google the site to see if it is trustworthy- is it journalism? punditry? a free for all? a part of an established and trustworthy community of knowledge?
If there is no information on the person, then one can use context clues to see whether they understand the domain they are speaking about. Often in the communities I notice people prefacing their remarks but stating their qualifications in the area. I have also done this after a lecture/speech, to see if the person speaking had the expertise to be trussed. However googling a real life person is more rare in my own experience.
Same judgements- different tools :)
Other tablets
Here is article in the New York times about the google tablet that is comparable to the ipad mini. It is less expensive and apparently is pretty interesting. It has its own app store and there is a textbook feature, which is a great for students.
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/24/google-debuts-an-updated-nexus-7-tablet/?ref=technology&_r=0
I think one this my ipad has that tablet doesn't is the fact all my other technology is now Apple. It is great to have the same format, visual tools and habits across my technology. I also think there is something fun and special about the Apple store. When I drop my phone and the front cracks, there is a place to bring it and a person who really knows the products to help. I really think that the i-things have developed the physical culture around them that humans like. I remember when my pc broke, I brought it to Best Buy, they sent it out somewhere- it was all very impersonal and the people on staff seemed pretty clueless about what could be wrong.
When I drop and break my ipod, I go in and get a new one (yeah warranty) then my music is quickly synced again from my lap top.
Much like the online community, it needs a physical connection to be very successful. The personal experience of the store, and ease of use make it an easier choice for a lot of us.
I would like to see the other products and see how they work though.
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/24/google-debuts-an-updated-nexus-7-tablet/?ref=technology&_r=0
I think one this my ipad has that tablet doesn't is the fact all my other technology is now Apple. It is great to have the same format, visual tools and habits across my technology. I also think there is something fun and special about the Apple store. When I drop my phone and the front cracks, there is a place to bring it and a person who really knows the products to help. I really think that the i-things have developed the physical culture around them that humans like. I remember when my pc broke, I brought it to Best Buy, they sent it out somewhere- it was all very impersonal and the people on staff seemed pretty clueless about what could be wrong.
When I drop and break my ipod, I go in and get a new one (yeah warranty) then my music is quickly synced again from my lap top.
Much like the online community, it needs a physical connection to be very successful. The personal experience of the store, and ease of use make it an easier choice for a lot of us.
I would like to see the other products and see how they work though.
Wednesday, July 24, 2013
Its not Tuesday and other things ;)
So I just tried to sign in for the webinar and wondered why the link didn't work. Alas it is Wednesday ;)
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/24/204621796/ONLINE-REWARDS
So this is a link to a news story today about how online marketers ( and tech makers) keep Skinner's theories of unexpected rewards in mind when making products for human use. It seems that my desire for a "like" button in blackboard is not my fault, it can attributed to science that know how much I like to get my likes.
Another reason to incorporate these technologies into teaching, o promote the crack like addiction to learning and the random reinforcement. Makes me want to learn more about educational gaming!
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/07/24/204621796/ONLINE-REWARDS
So this is a link to a news story today about how online marketers ( and tech makers) keep Skinner's theories of unexpected rewards in mind when making products for human use. It seems that my desire for a "like" button in blackboard is not my fault, it can attributed to science that know how much I like to get my likes.
Another reason to incorporate these technologies into teaching, o promote the crack like addiction to learning and the random reinforcement. Makes me want to learn more about educational gaming!
Sunday, July 21, 2013
Ipad
I have decided that I need an Ipad to be an active member of the web 2.0 world. The school I am going to teach at had an Ipad cart we can use in class. I wanted a tablet and since the school is using the Ipad and i LOOOVE my Macbook I am off to the store.
The only question is Ipad mini or full size?
Hmmm more to follow...
The only question is Ipad mini or full size?
Hmmm more to follow...
Friday, July 19, 2013
Stop updating and revamping my facebook page. I don't like it. It seems like just when I get used to where to find my stuff, they move it. Also do not appreciate all the weird pop up ads lately. Made a wedding comment now am being barraged by wedding dress/bridesmaid ads.
We should also be allowed to keep our old page as it was ;) then i'd be happy
We should also be allowed to keep our old page as it was ;) then i'd be happy
Thursday, July 18, 2013
Week 4 prompt
How do issues such as authorship, copyright and open access impact your desire, ability and willingness to engage in produsage, both personally and professionally?
I think they are always a worry in mind because I do not understand the laws completely. I also do not think all the details of how and who to attribute intellectual property in a global environement are ironed out yet.
I know I always hated music sharing sites because it is theft. As a musician with lots of musician/composer friends I think that we need to know whose work we are using, they deserve credit and compensation because it is not entertainment to them it is a profession. Most musicians are not rich and need the money ;) even people with Grammies have to have day jobs sometimes.
I often worry where or if I am infringing on someone's copyright. For the moment I am using things only for educational purposes, but would like a better grasp of content laws/sharing before I enter the grownup world as I call it. Maybe I will care greatly when I have prodused something of personal or professional value? One must have one's work/time/ideas acknowledged in some way.
It does not affect my desire or willingness to take part in produsage, but it makes me a bit wary and gives me the desire to be careful.
I think they are always a worry in mind because I do not understand the laws completely. I also do not think all the details of how and who to attribute intellectual property in a global environement are ironed out yet.
I know I always hated music sharing sites because it is theft. As a musician with lots of musician/composer friends I think that we need to know whose work we are using, they deserve credit and compensation because it is not entertainment to them it is a profession. Most musicians are not rich and need the money ;) even people with Grammies have to have day jobs sometimes.
I often worry where or if I am infringing on someone's copyright. For the moment I am using things only for educational purposes, but would like a better grasp of content laws/sharing before I enter the grownup world as I call it. Maybe I will care greatly when I have prodused something of personal or professional value? One must have one's work/time/ideas acknowledged in some way.
It does not affect my desire or willingness to take part in produsage, but it makes me a bit wary and gives me the desire to be careful.
Goodbye Barbie
http://www.npr.org/blogs/monkeysee/2013/07/17/202417282/KIDS-GOTH-BARBIE
Here is a link to a story I heard on NPR in the car. This is the new coolest toy apparently. Since I dont teach elementary school anymore I do not know what the little girls are saying is the new cool toy. I do have a niece, who cried when I gave her a Barbie 6 pack for Christmas. She doesn't like dolls, thinks they are scary, and doesnt even want to be friends with what she calls "Princess Girls" Love her, unrelated to topic just though it was funny.
Anyway it appear this new Monster anorexic Barbie is all the rage. What caught my attention was that it has on ongoing webisodes that bring the dolls to life. They are not just a toy, they are a narration and a tale to tell. When we were little we had Doctor Barbie, Cowgirl Barbie etc and I think there may have been a cartoon, but it was never very popular.
I think it is interesting that the popularity of a physical old fashioned toy is being bolstered by an internet based show.
I went to the website and there are one way games, shows and apps. I think they may really benefit from a more interactive site where the girls could discuss, have input and explore the toys.
http://www.mattel.com/our-sites
Here is a link to a story I heard on NPR in the car. This is the new coolest toy apparently. Since I dont teach elementary school anymore I do not know what the little girls are saying is the new cool toy. I do have a niece, who cried when I gave her a Barbie 6 pack for Christmas. She doesn't like dolls, thinks they are scary, and doesnt even want to be friends with what she calls "Princess Girls" Love her, unrelated to topic just though it was funny.
Anyway it appear this new Monster anorexic Barbie is all the rage. What caught my attention was that it has on ongoing webisodes that bring the dolls to life. They are not just a toy, they are a narration and a tale to tell. When we were little we had Doctor Barbie, Cowgirl Barbie etc and I think there may have been a cartoon, but it was never very popular.
I think it is interesting that the popularity of a physical old fashioned toy is being bolstered by an internet based show.
I went to the website and there are one way games, shows and apps. I think they may really benefit from a more interactive site where the girls could discuss, have input and explore the toys.
http://www.mattel.com/our-sites
Monday, July 15, 2013
Wikitastic
My wikispace
The project made me think of ways to use this type of tool at work in new ways. I started just making the project for class, but now I think it will be an anchor project for my first year of French teaching. It turned out to be very interesting and I think I would like to have done this in my own HS french classes many years ago.
In addition I asked the director of my summer program if it would alright if the instructors started a wiki-lesson plan bank where we can mutually correct and make suggestions for improvement.
Awesome!
The project made me think of ways to use this type of tool at work in new ways. I started just making the project for class, but now I think it will be an anchor project for my first year of French teaching. It turned out to be very interesting and I think I would like to have done this in my own HS french classes many years ago.
In addition I asked the director of my summer program if it would alright if the instructors started a wiki-lesson plan bank where we can mutually correct and make suggestions for improvement.
Awesome!
Saturday, July 13, 2013
Week 3 response to prompt
My summer job is teaching High School foreign exchange students at a local university. We have students from Italy, Spain,France, China and Turkey. While we have a lesson and idea sharing platform, it is not a multiple user tool. It is a lot of one way street of ideas with one or two comments below the posts or in emails.
We all have different expertise and perspectives. For example the teacher next to me taught in Chine for 2 years, I taught in France and some others work with New Jersey's large Hispanic populations.
It would be very interesting to post these plans in an interactive way where we could add suggestions to differentiate the various groups. For example pronunciation issues, words that resemble curses in each language. I was told not to use the word shabby with my Chinese kids- not sure what it means but apparently its not a good word choice.
This would allow us to better serve our students and develop our skills in different areas.
I just may initiate it if the director approves. We would need one central coordinator I think just to organize and sort through the info. The more seasoned teachers may not be terribly interested in sharing because they may think they know enough already. I think it may be fun.
Thursday, July 11, 2013
Integration
So I am using my summer students as guinea pigs for my new tools. A little background info here. I teach at a summer exchange program for European High School students. They are from France, Italy, Spain and Turkey. The kids are here to learn English and more about America.
They are all armed with smart phones and wifi, so I figured why not integrate some technology into our class. Its not really 100% web 2.0, possiblt web 1.5 at this point if that even exists. I used some online polling sites to get instant feedback. Tried www.socrative.com and it is a great tool.
In addition used Youtube videos of real estate house tours to create a project comparing American homes, to their homes.
Pretty good
No one looked bored ;)
They are all armed with smart phones and wifi, so I figured why not integrate some technology into our class. Its not really 100% web 2.0, possiblt web 1.5 at this point if that even exists. I used some online polling sites to get instant feedback. Tried www.socrative.com and it is a great tool.
In addition used Youtube videos of real estate house tours to create a project comparing American homes, to their homes.
Pretty good
No one looked bored ;)
Tuesday, July 9, 2013
Child Labor-Where are the women?
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/05/technology-workers-are-young-really-young/?ref=technology
This article is interesting in 2 ways. The average age of the technology industry workers are younger than other companies, and there are less women.
It makes sense that younger workers would be more into new technologies, and possibly have degrees and expertise in technology that did not exist ten years ago. I wonder why there are so few women compared to men? I know fields like engineering have a lower female rate or participation. I wonder what factors lead to this?
Food for thought and future exploration
This article is interesting in 2 ways. The average age of the technology industry workers are younger than other companies, and there are less women.
It makes sense that younger workers would be more into new technologies, and possibly have degrees and expertise in technology that did not exist ten years ago. I wonder why there are so few women compared to men? I know fields like engineering have a lower female rate or participation. I wonder what factors lead to this?
Food for thought and future exploration
Saturday, July 6, 2013
response to week 2 prompt
How might the concept of produsage be applied in your life (personal and/or professional) as it stands today? Are you already a produser? If yes, what do you do? If no, why not?
I find that I already am involved in produsage. I have participated in online groups about ed reform, used the web to help create a mutual educative community with colleagues and people in the communities where I work. They have been informal and formal. We have shared ideas, information, created real life events from our produsaging and solved problems.
I would like to bring this to the next level by learning how to engage my students in meaningful produsage interactions this year. The last time I was involved with HS and university level of students was years ago, and Web 2.0 was not even on my radar. I will be teaching HS this year and look forward to creating an interactive learning community, where we create share and grow as a group.
I find that I already am involved in produsage. I have participated in online groups about ed reform, used the web to help create a mutual educative community with colleagues and people in the communities where I work. They have been informal and formal. We have shared ideas, information, created real life events from our produsaging and solved problems.
I would like to bring this to the next level by learning how to engage my students in meaningful produsage interactions this year. The last time I was involved with HS and university level of students was years ago, and Web 2.0 was not even on my radar. I will be teaching HS this year and look forward to creating an interactive learning community, where we create share and grow as a group.
Tweet like an Egyptian
Forgive the pun I know it is serious business.
First of all I have such admiration for anyone who has the strength to stand up for what they believe in, especially if they can do it in a nonviolent way. I have a good Turkish friend who was posting her photos to Facebook in Taksim square. I learned more from her than I did from the NY times who seemed to the think people were simply protesting an urban planning project in the beginning.
The 7th chapter of the Shirky book was exceedingly relevant to our lives on Earth in these past few months, especially for Turks and Egyptians. (and those who care about them too!)
I found it very interesting to read that the Egyptian government- if it is still being called that- has taken to the Tweet and the FB posting to counter the protest this time around. Perhaps they learned of their power from the initial revolution a few years ago.
This article points out that social media is now a "mainstay' in politics in Egypt. It also points out that universal translators are helping to get the message out. I am not 100% sure of this point because every post I have tried to get translated on FB from Turkish is seriously deranged. They really dont get the syntax at all. I guess that is not the point. What was revolutionary 2 years ago is already part of the establishment. Fast change over and very intriguing.
I wonder if the Arabic translator tool is anymore effective than the Turkish one? I'm gonna go find out...
http://www.dw.de/social-media-use-evolving-in-egypt/a-16930251
First of all I have such admiration for anyone who has the strength to stand up for what they believe in, especially if they can do it in a nonviolent way. I have a good Turkish friend who was posting her photos to Facebook in Taksim square. I learned more from her than I did from the NY times who seemed to the think people were simply protesting an urban planning project in the beginning.
The 7th chapter of the Shirky book was exceedingly relevant to our lives on Earth in these past few months, especially for Turks and Egyptians. (and those who care about them too!)
I found it very interesting to read that the Egyptian government- if it is still being called that- has taken to the Tweet and the FB posting to counter the protest this time around. Perhaps they learned of their power from the initial revolution a few years ago.
This article points out that social media is now a "mainstay' in politics in Egypt. It also points out that universal translators are helping to get the message out. I am not 100% sure of this point because every post I have tried to get translated on FB from Turkish is seriously deranged. They really dont get the syntax at all. I guess that is not the point. What was revolutionary 2 years ago is already part of the establishment. Fast change over and very intriguing.
I wonder if the Arabic translator tool is anymore effective than the Turkish one? I'm gonna go find out...
http://www.dw.de/social-media-use-evolving-in-egypt/a-16930251
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